The process of driving a vehicle over compacted soil to note the amount of disturbance beneath the load is known as:

The process described in the question refers to proof rolling, which is a critical step in assessing the stability and load-bearing capacity of subgrade soil after it has been compacted. During proof rolling, a loaded vehicle is driven over the compacted surface to observe any deformation or disturbance of the soil beneath the wheels. This action helps identify areas that may be weak or improperly compacted, allowing for necessary adjustments prior to the placement of additional layers of pavement.

By observing how the soil behaves under the applied load, inspectors can detect potential problems, such as yielding or excessive deflection, which could compromise the integrity and performance of the pavement structure once it's installed. Thus, proof rolling serves both as a verification of the compaction efforts and as a quality control measure in construction operations.

In contrast, options like falling weight deflectometer are specific instruments used for measuring the deflection of pavements rather than assessing soil directly. Stabilization refers to methods used to improve the engineering properties of soil, while soundness testing typically evaluates the durability of aggregates. These different processes are distinct from the practical evaluation performed during proof rolling.